<div class="phx-topic abstract-wrapper">Trying to prepare for something as significant and as unclear as Britain's exit from the European Union is not easy for supply chains that only work with a clear understanding of what is required for each step of the logistics process.</div>

Trying to prepare for something as significant and as unclear as Britain's exit from the European Union is not easy for supply chains that only work with a clear understanding of what is required for each step of the logistics process.

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<div>Shippers and forwarders are trying to assess the impact on trade of the Brexit deal currently on the table as well as the consequences of the UK leaving the European Union on March 29, 2019 without a deal in place.As it stands, British Prime Minister Theresa May and Chief EU Negotiator Michel Barnier have agreed on a 585-page draft of the terms governing Brexit, which, after getting through the Westminister Cabinet, needs to now be approved by the EU members.The key part of the deal for the cargo supply chain is that it includes a 21-month transition period, during which...

Shippers and forwarders are trying to assess the impact on trade of the Brexit deal currently on the table as well as the consequences of the UK leaving the European Union on March 29, 2019 without a deal in place. As it stands, British Prime Minister Theresa May and Chief EU Negotiator Michel Barnier have agreed on a 585-page draft of the terms governing Brexit, which, after getting through the Westminister Cabinet, needs to now be approved by the EU members. The key part of the deal for the cargo supply chain is that it includes a 21-month transition period, during which the current trading rules will essentially remain the same. “The rules governing cross-border shipments, which are in place at the moment, will remain as they are until the end of the transition period in December 2020,” according to a note to customers by Simarco Worldwide Logistics. During that period, discussions will continue to determine the finer points of reaching what both sides have described as a “close future relationship” with the aim of that process being completed by July 2020. However, Simarco said if no agreement on the finer detail was reached by the time the transition period ended, a “backstop” plan would be initiated on Jan. 1, 2021. As part of that, the EU and UK would become part of a single customs territory. Simerco said according to Article 2 of the withdrawal agreement, "customs duties on imports and exports, and any charges having equivalent effect, shall be prohibited between the parts of the single customs territory." However, it is the possibility of a no-deal Brexit that deeply concerns those within the cargo supply chain. The European Shippers’ Council (ESC) said no deal would result in vehicles traveling between the UK and Europe, regardless of where transport companies were registered, requiring a permit to access the UK and EU haulage markets. Community licences issued by the UK would not be accepted by the EU. Surface transport “It is important for road haulage that the existing levels of transport connectivity with the EU remain the same after Brexit without the need for new transport documents or systems. Achieving an agreement that delivers this would be beneficial for all stakeholders,” the ESC said in a statement. This concern over trucking was also expressed by Sebastiaan Scholte, CEO of the Netherlands-based Jan De Rijk Logistics, who said his trucks made more than 20,000 trips per year between Europe and the UK. “If there is no deal we will really have a problem,” he told JOC.com. “The World Trade Organization [WTO] rules will apply so there will be high import duties, but we will also need permits for drivers and for trucks. If you go out of the EU, for example into Ukraine, you need to ask the EU for permission, so it is unlikely there will be enough permits to go from the EU to the UK.” The ESC said a solution put forward was for truckers to make the trips using European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) permits. The multilateral permits make cross-trade possible but not cabotage. However, the ESC said there were restrictions on the number of trips that could be performed with a given permit and there was a limit to the number of permits issued per country. For the UK, that limit was 1,224 permits annually. An estimated 14,000 trucks are crossing the UK-EU border every day and 53 percent of UK imports originate in Europe. The shippers’ council said to avoid the chaos and shortages that would be caused by allocating the the permits on a first come, first served basis, the UK government introduced secondary legislation outlining allocation criteria, such as intensity of use, or the importance of international transport for a given company. The conclusion by the ESC was that even if the legislation was passed by the UK parliament, it would still not be enough. The likelihood of major disruption to trade after Brexit has seen shippers boosting inventories in preparation for lengthier customs clearance and permit issues for truck drivers and vehicles. Philip Stephenson, chairman of UK forwarder Davies Turner, said the service provider was dealing with a surge in inquiries from its Europe partners over the availability of warehousing space. The companies want to stockpile more goods than usual in preparation for supply chain disruption that may occur around the as-yet-unknown transition period following the UK’s departure from the EU. “We suspect that the ongoing uncertainty over Brexit will only lead to more demand for short-term storage in the event of no deal or an unsatisfactory outcome with no mutual recognition or trading agreements in place,” Stephenson said. Detlef Trefzger, CEO of Kuehne + Nagel, said supply chains would have to be adapted for Brexit. “Our customers have started to build up inventory in the UK and are asking us for 6 to 12 months of additional capacity to build up a buffer until they have a better idea of what the impact will be,” he told JOC.com. The International Road Transport Union (IRU) has warned that no deal between the UK and the EU could see transport and trade grind to a halt. “Leaving the EU without a comprehensive multilateral deal on road transport and trade would be the worst possible outcome for the road transport industry, with serious knock-on effects for the economies of both the UK and remaining EU members,” said Matthias Maedge, the IRU’s general delegate of the permanent delegation to the EU. Contact Greg Knowler at greg.knowler@ihsmarkit.com and follow him on Twitter: @greg_knowler .

Transport, Trade and Regulation News

Shippers assess potential Brexit deal or no deal

<div class="phx-topic abstract-wrapper">While vessels on the lead West India–US East Coast networks have continued to sail full, forwarders have linked the “sold-out” experience to capacity cutbacks and consequent cargo rollovers. </div>

While vessels on the lead West India–US East Coast networks have continued to sail full, forwarders have linked the “sold-out” experience to capacity cutbacks and consequent cargo rollovers.

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<div class="phx-topic">Major container lines on the India-US East Coast route have drastically downgraded their peak-season booking rate increase targets in July amid persistent demand headwinds Local freight forwarders who spoke with the Journal of Commerce said carriers have applied moderate rates in the $500–$600 range per container rather than the $1,500–$3,000 per box originally slated to hit spot rates starting July 1. The pullback on pricing pushes parallels similar actions by <a href="https://www.joc.com/article/excess-capacity-sinks-planned-july-1-rate-increase-in-eastbound-trans-pacific-6036946">ocean carriers on the Asia-North America trade lane</a>. “Most lines have set their rate quotes slightly up, but there is little buoyancy in the market for them to push prices higher than the levels they have already attempted,” said a Mumbai-based forwarder executive on condition of anonymity. “Cargo bookings are very slow.” Sources said carriers are effectively adjusting spot rates on a sailing-by-sailing or weekly basis to fill vessels, with asking prices from West India to New York now oscillating between $2,400 and $3,000 per FEU. “Some customers seem to be holding back on shipment plans, pending clarity on tariffs,” a sales executive at a European carrier told the Journal of Commerce. Still, several carriers have lined up another round of rate hikes — albeit at a lower scale — from July 15 in anticipation of stronger demand. While vessels on the lead West India–US East Coast networks have continued to sail full, forwarders have linked the “sold-out” experience to capacity cutbacks and consequent cargo rollovers. A significant portion of the declared capacity is also being blanked in July, with six void calls for West India reported across three weekly connections — the Indamex run by CMA CGM, Hapag-Lloyd’s TPI and Ocean Network Express’ WIN. Industry sources believe US import frontloading from China during the 90-day tariff reprieve may have slowed Indian shipment sourcing and that a pickup in westbound volumes would hinge on the tariff framework of a trade deal between Washington and New Delhi. India-US West Coast spot rates have flattened in the meantime due to the recent peak, with allocations on extended Asian routings for direct or transshipment loading improving in the last week. Mediterranean Shipping Co.’s cancellation of a July 1 peak-season surcharge of $3,600 per TEU and $4,000 per FEU validates that correction. Contact Bency Mathew at <a href="mailto:bencyvmathew@gmail.com">bencyvmathew@gmail.com</a>. </div>

Major container lines on the India-US East Coast route have drastically downgraded their peak-season booking rate increase targets in July amid persistent demand headwinds Local freight forwarders who spoke with the Journal of Commerce said carriers have applied moderate rates in the $500–$600 range per container rather than the $1,500–$3,000 per box originally slated to hit spot rates starting July 1. The pullback on pricing pushes parallels similar actions by ocean carriers on the Asia-North America trade lane . “Most lines have set their rate quotes slightly up, but there is little buoyancy in the market for them to push prices higher than the levels they have already attempted,” said a Mumbai-based forwarder executive on condition of anonymity. “Cargo bookings are very slow.” Sources said carriers are effectively adjusting spot rates on a sailing-by-sailing or weekly basis to fill vessels, with asking prices from West India to New York now oscillating between $2,400 and $3,000 per FEU. “Some customers seem to be holding back on shipment plans, pending clarity on tariffs,” a sales executive at a European carrier told the Journal of Commerce. Still, several carriers have lined up another round of rate hikes — albeit at a lower scale — from July 15 in anticipation of stronger demand. While vessels on the lead West India–US East Coast networks have continued to sail full, forwarders have linked the “sold-out” experience to capacity cutbacks and consequent cargo rollovers. A significant portion of the declared capacity is also being blanked in July, with six void calls for West India reported across three weekly connections — the Indamex run by CMA CGM, Hapag-Lloyd’s TPI and Ocean Network Express’ WIN. Industry sources believe US import frontloading from China during the 90-day tariff reprieve may have slowed Indian shipment sourcing and that a pickup in westbound volumes would hinge on the tariff framework of a trade deal between Washington and New Delhi. India-US West Coast spot rates have flattened in the meantime due to the recent peak, with allocations on extended Asian routings for direct or transshipment loading improving in the last week. Mediterranean Shipping Co.’s cancellation of a July 1 peak-season surcharge of $3,600 per TEU and $4,000 per FEU validates that correction. Contact Bency Mathew at bencyvmathew@gmail.com .

Maritime

Container Shipping News

Container lines

Forwarding

Trans-Pacific

Container lines pull back on India-US pricing push

<div class="phx-topic abstract-wrapper">The fresh capacity carriers rushed into the US’ busiest trade lane in April and May is no longer needed, sending rates on a downward spiral and forcing carriers to shelve proposed price hikes.</div>

The fresh capacity carriers rushed into the US’ busiest trade lane in April and May is no longer needed, sending rates on a downward spiral and forcing carriers to shelve proposed price hikes.

<div class="phx-topic">Ocean carriers have failed to implement a planned general rate increase (GRI) in the eastbound trans-Pacific this week, with vessel capacity on the route exceeding forward demand that has been in steady decline for weeks. And in yet another sign that the peak shipping season will be muted, carriers have also dropped plans to impose a peak season surcharge (PSS) on fixed-rate contracts to the US West Coast. That comes as spot rates paid by importers and freight-all-kinds (FAK) rates charged to forwarders continue to sink. “They went up quickly. It looks like they’re going down just as quickly,” Kurt McElroy, executive vice president at the forwarder Kerry Apex, said. “There’s not enough demand.” Carriers have announced PSSs of $1,000 per FEU to the US East Coast from July 1–14, according to carrier rate announcements shared with the Journal of Commerce, who spoke to eight forwarders and two carriers for this story. At least one container line is rolling PSSs into quarterly rates, but at approximately half the amount, two shippers said on the condition of anonymity. Rate activity in the largest US trade lane <a href="https://www.joc.com/article/importers-try-to-push-cargo-to-contract-rates-as-trans-pac-spot-market-surges-5244311">contrasts sharply with last year</a>, when spot rates surged as high as $10,000 per FEU to the East Coast and $8,000 to the West Coast in early July, while carriers were also able to impose a series of PSSs throughout the summer and fall. This year, uncertainty about the Trump administration’s trade policy resulted in massive frontloading of fall and holiday merchandise as US retailers rushed to bring in goods during a 90-day reprieve from so-called reciprocal tariffs. The pause on tariffs from most countries expires July 9, while a similar reprieve on China-sourced goods ends Aug. 14. That frontloading likely means weaker imports during the traditional August through October peak shipping season, said Christian Sur, executive vice president for ocean freight contract logistics at the forwarder Unique Logistics International. Last year, July to October volume was strong, but with all of the frontloading, especially from China, no one expects the volume to be as strong this year,” Sur said. <div class="wrapper-narrow"><dynamic-object type="jocchartid" resource-id="e8c13a3e-9f5a-412f-8741-adbf5e1a7779"></dynamic-object></div>As a result, spot rates have been sinking rapidly over the past month. Platts, a sister company of the Journal of Commerce within S&amp;P Global, pegged spot rates from North Asia to the West Coast at $2,200 per FEU as of July 1, down 15% on the week. Rates to the East Coast were $4,300 per FEU, 12% lower. Rate benchmarking platform Xeneta had the West Coast spot rate at $2,800 per FEU as of June 26, with the East Coast at $5,473 per FEU. Spot rates listed on some rate indexes can lag the rates importers and forwarders are actually paying by a week or longer. This week, most imports from Asia are moving at $4,400 to $4,500 per FEU to the East Coast and $2,400 to $2,500 per FEU to the West Coast, McElroy said. Retailers and forwarders who shop around can secure even lower prices from some carriers, said Jon Monroe, who serves as an adviser to forwarders. Some carriers are quoting sub-$4,000-per-FEU spot/FAK rates to the East Coast and sub-$2,000 per FEU to the West Coast, Monroe said. <h3>Tariffs a fading concern? </h3>Carriers ending PSSs on fixed-rate accounts for both importers and forwarders to the West Coast and limiting their PSSs to the East Coast to two weeks from July 1–14 indicate that going forward, no one is making bookings based on tariff deadlines, Sur said. “Tariffs are quickly becoming a non-issue,” he said. Ample vessel capacity for the coming months has also made shipper concerns about securing space this summer less of an issue than it was in past years. Data from maritime visibility provider eeSea shows that the recent addition of vessel capacity by trans-Pacific carriers has brought total capacity to 1.57 million TEUs in July, the highest for any month since 2021. Some 8.6% of that capacity is poised to be blanked. In August, the total capacity is scheduled to slip to 1.48 million TEUs, with 7.7% of the capacity scheduled to be blanked. Even with the blank sailings, the total capacity offered in the eastbound trans-Pacific will be almost 20% higher in July than July 2024 and 10.6% higher in August year over year, according to eeSea. <div class="wrapper-narrow"><dynamic-object type="jocchartid" resource-id="c3135e8b-9bef-4f08-a278-5c853b855a74"></dynamic-object></div>Carriers rushed fresh capacity into the eastbound trans-Pacific in April and May when the Trump administration announced the pauses on higher tariffs. But once that surge in bookings was over, overcapacity took hold, sending rates on a downward spiral. A carrier source said the eastbound trans-Pac may witness additional blank sailings in the coming months. “Volumes are starting to go down and rates are falling because a lot of capacity was brought on,” the source said. “If management starts seeing the rates decline very quickly, they might remove the capacity.” <h3>August–October volumes difficult to forecast </h3>Projecting import volumes for the traditional August through October peak shipping season remains a hazy task, forwarders and carriers say. “This is a time when it is hard to predict where we are headed,” said Robert Khachatryan, CEO of the forwarder Freight Right Global Logistics. Still, Khachatryan said he does not detect huge demand building among importers. “The market is still soft and is likely to remain so at least through July,” a second carrier executive said. “But we can’t say beyond that. We’re in a wait-and-see mode.” A logistics manager for a large retailer told the Journal of Commerce she is still waiting on the company’s second-half forecast, but July and August look softer than last year. The source said July will be the retailer’s peak season. The retailer is still paying a $500 PSS into the West Coast, but that is down from $2,000 per FEU originally. Despite the frontloading by most retailers, there is still fall and holiday merchandise scheduled to be shipped. While import volumes will be down from last fall’s double-digit year-over-year increases, they won’t fall off the cliff. Ben Coleman, president of the forwarder Teampower Logistics, said there are clients with seasonal merchandise still scheduled to ship and others who will seek to rebuild their inventories. Another forwarder said the several months of frontloading did not rob the eastbound trans-Pacific of all its cargo this fall. “There are still retail goods that have to be moved,” the source said. Contact Bill Mongelluzzo at <a href="mailto:bill.mongelluzzo@spglobal.com">bill.mongelluzzo@spglobal.com</a>.Contact Laura Robb at <a href="mailto:laura.robb@spglobal.com">laura.robb@spglobal.com</a>.</div>

Ocean carriers have failed to implement a planned general rate increase (GRI) in the eastbound trans-Pacific this week, with vessel capacity on the route exceeding forward demand that has been in steady decline for weeks. And in yet another sign that the peak shipping season will be muted, carriers have also dropped plans to impose a peak season surcharge (PSS) on fixed-rate contracts to the US West Coast. That comes as spot rates paid by importers and freight-all-kinds (FAK) rates charged to forwarders continue to sink. “They went up quickly. It looks like they’re going down just as quickly,” Kurt McElroy, executive vice president at the forwarder Kerry Apex, said. “There’s not enough demand.” Carriers have announced PSSs of $1,000 per FEU to the US East Coast from July 1–14, according to carrier rate announcements shared with the Journal of Commerce, who spoke to eight forwarders and two carriers for this story. At least one container line is rolling PSSs into quarterly rates, but at approximately half the amount, two shippers said on the condition of anonymity. Rate activity in the largest US trade lane contrasts sharply with last year , when spot rates surged as high as $10,000 per FEU to the East Coast and $8,000 to the West Coast in early July, while carriers were also able to impose a series of PSSs throughout the summer and fall. This year, uncertainty about the Trump administration’s trade policy resulted in massive frontloading of fall and holiday merchandise as US retailers rushed to bring in goods during a 90-day reprieve from so-called reciprocal tariffs. The pause on tariffs from most countries expires July 9, while a similar reprieve on China-sourced goods ends Aug. 14. That frontloading likely means weaker imports during the traditional August through October peak shipping season, said Christian Sur, executive vice president for ocean freight contract logistics at the forwarder Unique Logistics International. Last year, July to October volume was strong, but with all of the frontloading, especially from China, no one expects the volume to be as strong this year,” Sur said. As a result, spot rates have been sinking rapidly over the past month. Platts, a sister company of the Journal of Commerce within S&P Global, pegged spot rates from North Asia to the West Coast at $2,200 per FEU as of July 1, down 15% on the week. Rates to the East Coast were $4,300 per FEU, 12% lower. Rate benchmarking platform Xeneta had the West Coast spot rate at $2,800 per FEU as of June 26, with the East Coast at $5,473 per FEU. Spot rates listed on some rate indexes can lag the rates importers and forwarders are actually paying by a week or longer. This week, most imports from Asia are moving at $4,400 to $4,500 per FEU to the East Coast and $2,400 to $2,500 per FEU to the West Coast, McElroy said. Retailers and forwarders who shop around can secure even lower prices from some carriers, said Jon Monroe, who serves as an adviser to forwarders. Some carriers are quoting sub-$4,000-per-FEU spot/FAK rates to the East Coast and sub-$2,000 per FEU to the West Coast, Monroe said. Tariffs a fading concern? Carriers ending PSSs on fixed-rate accounts for both importers and forwarders to the West Coast and limiting their PSSs to the East Coast to two weeks from July 1–14 indicate that going forward, no one is making bookings based on tariff deadlines, Sur said. “Tariffs are quickly becoming a non-issue,” he said. Ample vessel capacity for the coming months has also made shipper concerns about securing space this summer less of an issue than it was in past years. Data from maritime visibility provider eeSea shows that the recent addition of vessel capacity by trans-Pacific carriers has brought total capacity to 1.57 million TEUs in July, the highest for any month since 2021. Some 8.6% of that capacity is poised to be blanked. In August, the total capacity is scheduled to slip to 1.48 million TEUs, with 7.7% of the capacity scheduled to be blanked. Even with the blank sailings, the total capacity offered in the eastbound trans-Pacific will be almost 20% higher in July than July 2024 and 10.6% higher in August year over year, according to eeSea. Carriers rushed fresh capacity into the eastbound trans-Pacific in April and May when the Trump administration announced the pauses on higher tariffs. But once that surge in bookings was over, overcapacity took hold, sending rates on a downward spiral. A carrier source said the eastbound trans-Pac may witness additional blank sailings in the coming months. “Volumes are starting to go down and rates are falling because a lot of capacity was brought on,” the source said. “If management starts seeing the rates decline very quickly, they might remove the capacity.” August–October volumes difficult to forecast Projecting import volumes for the traditional August through October peak shipping season remains a hazy task, forwarders and carriers say. “This is a time when it is hard to predict where we are headed,” said Robert Khachatryan, CEO of the forwarder Freight Right Global Logistics. Still, Khachatryan said he does not detect huge demand building among importers. “The market is still soft and is likely to remain so at least through July,” a second carrier executive said. “But we can’t say beyond that. We’re in a wait-and-see mode.” A logistics manager for a large retailer told the Journal of Commerce she is still waiting on the company’s second-half forecast, but July and August look softer than last year. The source said July will be the retailer’s peak season. The retailer is still paying a $500 PSS into the West Coast, but that is down from $2,000 per FEU originally. Despite the frontloading by most retailers, there is still fall and holiday merchandise scheduled to be shipped. While import volumes will be down from last fall’s double-digit year-over-year increases, they won’t fall off the cliff. Ben Coleman, president of the forwarder Teampower Logistics, said there are clients with seasonal merchandise still scheduled to ship and others who will seek to rebuild their inventories. Another forwarder said the several months of frontloading did not rob the eastbound trans-Pacific of all its cargo this fall. “There are still retail goods that have to be moved,” the source said. Contact Bill Mongelluzzo at bill.mongelluzzo@spglobal.com .Contact Laura Robb at laura.robb@spglobal.com .

Port News

North American ports

Excess capacity sinks planned July 1 rate increase in eastbound trans-Pacific

<div class="phx-topic abstract-wrapper">The complaint from Dollar General alleges the carrier sold more of its capacity in the high-flying spot market of 2021, leaving shippers under fixed-price contracts in the lurch.</div>

The complaint from Dollar General alleges the carrier sold more of its capacity in the high-flying spot market of 2021, leaving shippers under fixed-price contracts in the lurch.

<div class="phx-topic">Yang Ming made available about one-quarter of the container ship space it agreed to provide to discount retailer Dollar General in 2021, forcing the discount retailer to book freight at higher spot rates as the ocean carrier sold capacity to forwarders, according to a complaint made to the US Federal Maritime Commission. The complaint, filed last week, marks the latest instance of shippers claiming their freight was bumped during the COVID-19 container surge. Dollar General’s complaint marks <a href="https://www.joc.com/article/two-us-shippers-latest-to-allege-carriers-bumped-contract-cargo-to-spot-market-5921997">at least the fifth</a> filed <a href="https://www.joc.com/article/yang-ming-settles-fmc-complaint-with-importer-5194345">since 2022</a> against Yang Ming over its service contract commitments. Dollar General is seeking $14.77 million in damages; Yang Ming did not respond to a request for a comment. Dollar General claims that its service contract with Yang Ming included a commitment to ship 2,226 containers during the 2021 service year. The carrier was to provide 130% of weekly, prorated capacity for those containers as long as Dollar General provided shipment forecasts about a month ahead of time. Despite Dollar General providing rolling forecasts of its anticipated shipments, it said Yang Ming failed to meet its capacity commitment during 11 of 14 weeks in 2021. Ultimately, Dollar General only secured space for 616 containers under its service contract, forcing it “to seek carriage from other sources at higher rates, or else forgo shipments entirely,” it said in the complaint. “Yang Ming knew before the beginning of the 2021 shipping year that it had overcommitted space to its service contract customers and would not be able to satisfy the signed minimum quantity commitments — yet it continued to finalize and execute contracts anyway,” Dollar General alleged. The complaint cites Yang Ming internal data that shows at the beginning of the 2021 shipping year the company allocated about 40% of its vessel capacity to beneficial cargo owners (BCOs), with the remainder sold to non-vessel-operating common carriers (NVOs), primarily in the spot market. However, “Yang Ming ultimately allocated less than 30% of its total capacity to its BCO customers while allocating approximately 70% to its NVO customers,” Dollar General alleged in the complaint. Larger BCOs were also favored over smaller BCOs, the complaint alleges. Dollar General cited an internal email at Yang Ming that it came into possession of, saying some of the carrier’s major BCOs “are receiving almost 400 TEUs above what we agreed to give them.” Despite a request from a local Yang Ming representative to reallocate that space to smaller BCOs, “every single customer ... knows what is happening. Someone is getting the space and it is the [fixed] accounts that are paying the most,” according to one Yang Ming email cited in the complaint. Contact Michael Angell at <a href="mailto:michael.angell@spglobal.com">michael.angell@spglobal.com</a>. </div>

Yang Ming made available about one-quarter of the container ship space it agreed to provide to discount retailer Dollar General in 2021, forcing the discount retailer to book freight at higher spot rates as the ocean carrier sold capacity to forwarders, according to a complaint made to the US Federal Maritime Commission. The complaint, filed last week, marks the latest instance of shippers claiming their freight was bumped during the COVID-19 container surge. Dollar General’s complaint marks at least the fifth filed since 2022 against Yang Ming over its service contract commitments. Dollar General is seeking $14.77 million in damages; Yang Ming did not respond to a request for a comment. Dollar General claims that its service contract with Yang Ming included a commitment to ship 2,226 containers during the 2021 service year. The carrier was to provide 130% of weekly, prorated capacity for those containers as long as Dollar General provided shipment forecasts about a month ahead of time. Despite Dollar General providing rolling forecasts of its anticipated shipments, it said Yang Ming failed to meet its capacity commitment during 11 of 14 weeks in 2021. Ultimately, Dollar General only secured space for 616 containers under its service contract, forcing it “to seek carriage from other sources at higher rates, or else forgo shipments entirely,” it said in the complaint. “Yang Ming knew before the beginning of the 2021 shipping year that it had overcommitted space to its service contract customers and would not be able to satisfy the signed minimum quantity commitments — yet it continued to finalize and execute contracts anyway,” Dollar General alleged. The complaint cites Yang Ming internal data that shows at the beginning of the 2021 shipping year the company allocated about 40% of its vessel capacity to beneficial cargo owners (BCOs), with the remainder sold to non-vessel-operating common carriers (NVOs), primarily in the spot market. However, “Yang Ming ultimately allocated less than 30% of its total capacity to its BCO customers while allocating approximately 70% to its NVO customers,” Dollar General alleged in the complaint. Larger BCOs were also favored over smaller BCOs, the complaint alleges. Dollar General cited an internal email at Yang Ming that it came into possession of, saying some of the carrier’s major BCOs “are receiving almost 400 TEUs above what we agreed to give them.” Despite a request from a local Yang Ming representative to reallocate that space to smaller BCOs, “every single customer ... knows what is happening. Someone is getting the space and it is the [fixed] accounts that are paying the most,” according to one Yang Ming email cited in the complaint. Contact Michael Angell at michael.angell@spglobal.com .

Yang Ming hit with new FMC complaint over service contracts

<div class="phx-topic abstract-wrapper">The deployment of 24,000-TEU ships on its Africa Express service allows the carrier to better leverage billions of dollars invested in West Africa in recent years, reducing exposure to congested North European ports. </div>

The deployment of 24,000-TEU ships on its Africa Express service allows the carrier to better leverage billions of dollars invested in West Africa in recent years, reducing exposure to congested North European ports.

<div class="phx-topic">Mediterranean Shipping Co.’s recent deployment of the largest vessels in its fleet to West African ports shows how the container line is capitalizing on the regional market and reducing its reliance on European hubs for transshipping. The deployment in April of 24,000-TEU ships on its Africa Express service allows MSC to better leverage billions of dollars invested in West Africa in recent years, reducing exposure to congested North European ports and tapping growing regional demand. West Africa’s GDP is forecast to expand 4.3% in 2025–26, according to the African Development Bank. The service connecting West Africa with north and southeast Asia calls Tema, Ghana and its longstanding hub in Lomé, Togo. Container volumes at Lomé last year rose 5% year over year to 2 million TEUs, according to an <a href="https://www.togofirst.com/en/logistics/2404-16204-lome-port-records-modest-growth-in-2024-fueled-by-strong-transshipment?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Invest in Togo</a> report. MSC’s European hub-and-spoke network relies on Antwerp, Gioia Tauro, Rotterdam and Valencia, yet its $6.1 billion acquisition of Bolloré Africa Logistics (renamed Africa Global Logistics [AGL]) in 2022 opened new possibilities for the carrier. At MSC’s emerging hub in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, where a second terminal operated by AGL opened in 2022, volumes rocketed 29% last year to 1.6 million TEUs, the <a href="https://www.ecofinagency.com/finance/2702-46447-port-of-abidjan-handles-1-6-million-teus-in-2024-almost-double-2022?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Ecofin Agency</a> said. The new facility expanded Abidjan’s container capacity to 2.5 million TEUs. MSC was not available for comment. <h3>Creating new hubs ‘makes sense’ </h3>The growth in West Africa’s transshipment volumes is more than just a result of major carriers routing ships around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid Houthi rebel attacks in the Red Sea, analysts tell the Journal of Commerce. Transshipping through Lomé and Abidjan allows MSC to reduce exposure when port congestion hits Antwerp and Rotterdam, as has been the case since the start of 2025. Setting up hubs closer to Europe — but not in Europe — could allow carriers to reduce payments under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, which launched in 2024, said Jan Hoffmann, the World Bank’s global lead for maritime transport and ports. “The region used to be connected to the rest of the world via transshipment services in Antwerp or Rotterdam [but] now counts on numerous direct connections, with the largest vessels,” said Hoffmann. “Deploying ultra large container ships [ULCSs] on that route and establishing hubs in [the West Africa] region makes sense for a number of reasons.” In addition to reducing payments under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, those reasons include improvements to roads connecting West African ports. As the largest operator of container ship tonnage and free of a shipping alliance partner, MSC is well positioned to make bolder moves within its network, said Jeremy Masters, managing director of Shipping Masters and a Journal of Commerce contributor. Other container lines serve West Africa but have yet to significantly drive transshipment volumes, Masters said. For example, CMA CGM deploys 16,000-TEU ships on its West Africa loop connecting Pointe-Noire in the Republic of Congo to Qingdao, China. Ocean Network Express’ services to the region are more focused on loops serving West Africa than feeding a node connecting deep-sea services to short-sea services. West Africa ports are growing and modernizing. DP World is spending $1.2 billion to construct a greenfield facility at Ndayane in Senegal. When phase one is completed in 2027, <a href="https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-kicks-off-maritime-construction-at-new-12-billion-port-in-senegal/">the port’s 1.2 million TEU container capacity</a> will reduce pressure on the country’s other major port, Dakar. The ULCSs will likely be repatriated to the Suez Canal routing when maritime safety is restored to the Red Sea, Masters said. “But if Lomé has by that time proven [itself] through its local and regional feed of volume, and then if MSC looks at other deep-sea routes that connect through, then I think [the port] would have established itself in its own right,” he said. Still, such is the combined impact of the size of the global container ship order book and the amount of vessels likely to be freed up by the would-be shorter Suez routings that it can be argued that West Africa’s increasing attractiveness could be just the way to put all the extra tonnage to good use. Contact Peter Shaw-Smith at <a href="mailto:petershawsmith@gmail.com">petershawsmith@gmail.com</a>. </div>

Mediterranean Shipping Co.’s recent deployment of the largest vessels in its fleet to West African ports shows how the container line is capitalizing on the regional market and reducing its reliance on European hubs for transshipping. The deployment in April of 24,000-TEU ships on its Africa Express service allows MSC to better leverage billions of dollars invested in West Africa in recent years, reducing exposure to congested North European ports and tapping growing regional demand. West Africa’s GDP is forecast to expand 4.3% in 2025–26, according to the African Development Bank. The service connecting West Africa with north and southeast Asia calls Tema, Ghana and its longstanding hub in Lomé, Togo. Container volumes at Lomé last year rose 5% year over year to 2 million TEUs, according to an Invest in Togo report. MSC’s European hub-and-spoke network relies on Antwerp, Gioia Tauro, Rotterdam and Valencia, yet its $6.1 billion acquisition of Bolloré Africa Logistics (renamed Africa Global Logistics [AGL]) in 2022 opened new possibilities for the carrier. At MSC’s emerging hub in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, where a second terminal operated by AGL opened in 2022, volumes rocketed 29% last year to 1.6 million TEUs, the Ecofin Agency said. The new facility expanded Abidjan’s container capacity to 2.5 million TEUs. MSC was not available for comment. Creating new hubs ‘makes sense’ The growth in West Africa’s transshipment volumes is more than just a result of major carriers routing ships around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid Houthi rebel attacks in the Red Sea, analysts tell the Journal of Commerce. Transshipping through Lomé and Abidjan allows MSC to reduce exposure when port congestion hits Antwerp and Rotterdam, as has been the case since the start of 2025. Setting up hubs closer to Europe — but not in Europe — could allow carriers to reduce payments under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, which launched in 2024, said Jan Hoffmann, the World Bank’s global lead for maritime transport and ports. “The region used to be connected to the rest of the world via transshipment services in Antwerp or Rotterdam [but] now counts on numerous direct connections, with the largest vessels,” said Hoffmann. “Deploying ultra large container ships [ULCSs] on that route and establishing hubs in [the West Africa] region makes sense for a number of reasons.” In addition to reducing payments under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, those reasons include improvements to roads connecting West African ports. As the largest operator of container ship tonnage and free of a shipping alliance partner, MSC is well positioned to make bolder moves within its network, said Jeremy Masters, managing director of Shipping Masters and a Journal of Commerce contributor. Other container lines serve West Africa but have yet to significantly drive transshipment volumes, Masters said. For example, CMA CGM deploys 16,000-TEU ships on its West Africa loop connecting Pointe-Noire in the Republic of Congo to Qingdao, China. Ocean Network Express’ services to the region are more focused on loops serving West Africa than feeding a node connecting deep-sea services to short-sea services. West Africa ports are growing and modernizing. DP World is spending $1.2 billion to construct a greenfield facility at Ndayane in Senegal. When phase one is completed in 2027, the port’s 1.2 million TEU container capacity will reduce pressure on the country’s other major port, Dakar. The ULCSs will likely be repatriated to the Suez Canal routing when maritime safety is restored to the Red Sea, Masters said. “But if Lomé has by that time proven [itself] through its local and regional feed of volume, and then if MSC looks at other deep-sea routes that connect through, then I think [the port] would have established itself in its own right,” he said. Still, such is the combined impact of the size of the global container ship order book and the amount of vessels likely to be freed up by the would-be shorter Suez routings that it can be argued that West Africa’s increasing attractiveness could be just the way to put all the extra tonnage to good use. Contact Peter Shaw-Smith at petershawsmith@gmail.com .

Port infrastructure

Marine terminals

International ports

Growth in West African ports opens new transshipment options for MSC

<div class="phx-topic abstract-wrapper">The $177 million plan to enlarge Spain’s TTI Algeciras is in line with the strategy of ocean carriers to diversify revenue and exert greater control over their supply chains. </div>

The $177 million plan to enlarge Spain’s TTI Algeciras is in line with the strategy of ocean carriers to diversify revenue and exert greater control over their supply chains.

<div class="phx-topic">TTI Algeciras, one of the two main terminals in the west Mediterranean transshipment hub, has submitted expansion plans to the port authority that would increase handling capacity by 500,000 TEUs. The €150 million ($177 million) investment by owners HMM and CMA CGM would take capacity at Spain’s second-largest terminal to 2.1 million TEUs by 2028, with future plans to increase capacity to 2.8 million. In support of the investment, the Algeciras Port Authority has extended the terminal operating concession by 22 years to 2065. “This expansion is the natural evolution of more than a decade of steady growth,” Alonso Luque, CEO of TTI Algeciras, said in a statement Wednesday. “The project not only adds much-needed physical capacity but also positions us to take on new service opportunities and larger vessels.” HMM acquired 100% of TTI Algeciras in 2017 and sold a 49.9% stake to CMA CGM in 2020. The plan to expand TTI Algeciras is in line with the strategy of both carriers — more so CMA CGM — that are expanding investment in container terminals to diversify revenue and exert greater control over their supply chains. The Port of Algeciras is one of the two largest transshipment hubs in the Mediterranean and is situated in southern Spain just across the Strait of Gibraltar from its transshipment rival, the Moroccan port of Tanger Med. <h3>Common-user terminal </h3>Gerardo Landaluce, chairman of the Port Authority of the Bay of Algeciras, said TTI Algeciras has played a key role in boosting the international standing of the port. “Its common-user model, open to multiple shipping lines and alliances, has helped position Algeciras as a global logistics platform and as a strategic tool for developing import and export flows throughout Andalusia and Spain,” Landaluce said in the statement. Since Houthi militants began attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea in December 2023, carriers have been forced to divert around southern Africa. With two weeks added to the transit from Asia, carriers wanting faster turnaround times offloaded their megaships in Algeciras and Tanger Med for onward transshipment to destination ports inside the Mediterranean. First-quarter volume at Algeciras tumbled 11% year over year because of congestion, operational challenges, declining transshipment volume and Maersk shifting an India-US service to Tanger Med. The port handled 4.7 million TEUs in 2024, down 0.6% from 2023. APM Terminals Algeciras is the other primary terminal at Algeciras and Spain’s largest. Contact Greg Knowler at <a href="mailto:greg.knowler@spglobal.com">greg.knowler@spglobal.com</a>. </div>

TTI Algeciras, one of the two main terminals in the west Mediterranean transshipment hub, has submitted expansion plans to the port authority that would increase handling capacity by 500,000 TEUs. The €150 million ($177 million) investment by owners HMM and CMA CGM would take capacity at Spain’s second-largest terminal to 2.1 million TEUs by 2028, with future plans to increase capacity to 2.8 million. In support of the investment, the Algeciras Port Authority has extended the terminal operating concession by 22 years to 2065. “This expansion is the natural evolution of more than a decade of steady growth,” Alonso Luque, CEO of TTI Algeciras, said in a statement Wednesday. “The project not only adds much-needed physical capacity but also positions us to take on new service opportunities and larger vessels.” HMM acquired 100% of TTI Algeciras in 2017 and sold a 49.9% stake to CMA CGM in 2020. The plan to expand TTI Algeciras is in line with the strategy of both carriers — more so CMA CGM — that are expanding investment in container terminals to diversify revenue and exert greater control over their supply chains. The Port of Algeciras is one of the two largest transshipment hubs in the Mediterranean and is situated in southern Spain just across the Strait of Gibraltar from its transshipment rival, the Moroccan port of Tanger Med. Common-user terminal Gerardo Landaluce, chairman of the Port Authority of the Bay of Algeciras, said TTI Algeciras has played a key role in boosting the international standing of the port. “Its common-user model, open to multiple shipping lines and alliances, has helped position Algeciras as a global logistics platform and as a strategic tool for developing import and export flows throughout Andalusia and Spain,” Landaluce said in the statement. Since Houthi militants began attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea in December 2023, carriers have been forced to divert around southern Africa. With two weeks added to the transit from Asia, carriers wanting faster turnaround times offloaded their megaships in Algeciras and Tanger Med for onward transshipment to destination ports inside the Mediterranean. First-quarter volume at Algeciras tumbled 11% year over year because of congestion, operational challenges, declining transshipment volume and Maersk shifting an India-US service to Tanger Med. The port handled 4.7 million TEUs in 2024, down 0.6% from 2023. APM Terminals Algeciras is the other primary terminal at Algeciras and Spain’s largest. Contact Greg Knowler at greg.knowler@spglobal.com .

HMM, CMA CGM to expand key Mediterranean transshipment hub

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The world of LTL is slow to embrace change. Business anachronisms permeate current supply chain processes. These vestiges of the way things used to work define the LTL freight transportation procurement process of many modern shippers.David Knuth, logistics specialist at IEWC, a global supplier of cable and wire based in Wisconsin, is happy to have modernized the RFP process, automating the entire LTL bidding procedure with Bid$ense, SMC³’s automated truckload and LTL freight transportation sourcing solution. But when prompted, he can still recall what once was.In his previous job, a large part of his duties were consumed by creating an intermodal bid package for carriers. In a spreadsheet, Knuth detailed the company’s volumes lane by lane, taking care to delete any errant keystrokes or misleading data. He would then email out the information to each carrier, taking time to respond to detailed technical questions about the spreadsheet data. Finally, he had to compile all the results, create an algorithm that would compare the carriers on each lane, and award the business.“It was a huge undertaking. It took about four months to do,” Knuth said of the old process. “It was almost a full-time job for that part of the year, every year.”In his new job at IEWC, he sat down with Bid$ense on day one and was amazed at the capabilities. Knuth had never before used a bid tool. SMC³’s latest versions of Bid$ense automate the process even further, taking truckload and LTL RFPs entirely online. The tool draws on RFP best-practices protocols to streamline the bidding communication process, enabling bidding carriers to respond accurately and promptly to shipper requests. The solution also does all the distribution work automatically, electronically submitting shipper bid data to carriers based on their actual service capabilities and performance records. Carriers are alerted with timely prompts for RFP deliverables, so shippers aren’t waiting by the phone for responses.Another benefit of automating the process is the data-cleansing assistance. When Knuth sent spreadsheets to carriers, data errors might cloud the bidding process; he might have to resend data or simply accept a price that did not truly reflect the costs of doing business. Data cleansing is incredibly beneficial, he said.The spreadsheet technique also made bidding analysis an onerous task. Since Bid$ense automates and streamlines the entire RFP process, intensive examination is now simple. SMC³ knows that each bid has more than one best outcome. With uniform responses from each carrier, shippers can quickly rank results and create an unlimited quantity of what-if scenarios to make the optimal procurement decision.Jesse Burnett of Central Garden &amp; Pet experiences many of the same benefits. Founded in 1980, Central Garden &amp; Pet has spent the last three decades growing from a small garden supply company to a provider of a range of products from dog chews and bird seed to soil supplements and natural insecticides. For much of its life, the company shipped these disparate goods via LTL and truckload carriers to retailers throughout the country, relying on each business unit to negotiate directly with their freight transportation providers. This arrangement worked fairly well for a small company, but as Central Garden &amp; Pet expanded, leadership decided to consolidate decision making.Burnett helped centralize the transportation decision making in 2015 with SMC³’s Bid$ense. Before Bid$ense, every business unit operated independently as far as negotiating with carriers.“There were a lot of different things just floating around,” he said. “We didn’t have master agreements in place; no national pricing at all. The pricing from carriers was just all over the place, depending on where you were.”The transformations he saw with Bid$ense were immediate. Burnett has been using the tool about every other year since its implementation at the company. Central Garden and Pet’s $19.6 million 2019 LTL bid saved the company just more than 9 percent when compared to its historical average. For Burnett, though, bid automation extends far beyond savings.“We knew that we weren’t getting the best pricing offer from our carriers just because nothing was centralized,” he continued. “We knew that if we combined everything from all these business units and paired it with one corporate offering, then it would drive some cost benefit with it.”When the company initially decided to centralize bid procurement, executives researched a number of different methodologies and technologies. In the end, though, Burnett found that Bid$ense was both widespread and well known, and that his carrier partners already knew how to use the application. Burnett also highlighted the data-cleansing process as a major benefit, saying the rigorous process ensures that carriers always return the best price.“It definitely has helped drive savings,” he said. “Any time you go out there and you drive that competitiveness with the carriers and they know they’re in a bid environment, it seems to sharpen their pencils.”Transportation procurement is an integral part of the modern supply chain. With Bid$ense, shippers can develop a strategic implementation plan that saves them time and money, but also helps them create strong relationships with their carrier partners. These carriers appreciate the solution’s data-cleansing process; when carriers receive a complete shipment history and future volume forecast, they don’t have to guess on pricing. Carriers that receive more data from shippers get a complete picture of that shipper’s freight, allowing them to accurately plan instead of simply preparing for the worst-case scenario. Clean data presented through an automated system can lead to both bigger shipment savings and a lasting partnership between carrier and customer.Whether customers are looking to streamline over-the-road transportation bidding by automating the RFP process or create an entirely new, centralized sourcing process, Bid$ense has the analytical horsepower to get the job done.SMC³ 2020 Customer Case Study

SMC3rates_shutterstock_5247046.jpg

Shippers save money, time with automated transportation bidding tools

If there’s one immutable truth in the world of logistics, it’s this: LTL is an inherently complex form of transportation. Tariffs, rates, DIM weights, transit times — it’s enough to confuse even seasoned logistics professionals. The solution to this knowledge gap has historically been on-the-job training or university supply chain education, but for a variety of reasons there is now a pressing need for third-party, remote LTL training that prepares logistics workers for transportation success. Global Scope Can Overlook Local Intricacies In the past, professionals looking to move into a supply chain career learned about the basics of supply chain from universities. However, many of these college supply chain programs are now global in scope, focusing on worldwide supply chain management instead of the intricacies of specialized domestic transportation. And even these programs, which used to be widespread, are becoming less common. LTL is not an industry of broad-brush strokes; supply chain professionals really need a pointillistic understanding of the logistics of LTL in order to excel in the industry. Accelerating Need for Dedicated LTL Education This lack of specified training put the onus on employers to prepare new hires with the LTL knowledge needed to do their jobs. Dedicated LTL study is a necessity, not a luxury. At the same time, changes in LTL and the broader supply chain world are accelerating. The reliance on e-commerce has ballooned since the start of the pandemic, and last-mile LTL shipments and related e-commerce strains on the supply chain won’t diminish once social distancing abates. That genie isn’t going back into the bottle. So supply chain employers need logistics workers that are fully versed in all aspects of the industry, ready to solve unique shipping and delivery problems based on their extensive supply chain knowledge But why care about LTL? It’s been reported that some shippers in today’s world are no longer concerned with what mode is used to ship their goods. A Multimodal Approach Ensures On-Time Delivery This mode agnosticism means supply chain stakeholders have to be well versed in all modes of transportation. As unforeseen weather events and other disruptions, such as protests, become more common, savvy logistics employees will need to be armed with familiarity of all modes, not just the most popular, to ensure that freight is delivered on time, without damage, and in the most financially expedient way possible. Offerings like SMC³’s LTL online education courses cover a wide range of topics from LTL basics and operations to more advanced concepts like pricing analytics and transportation law. The company also has plans to continually refresh content, adding new expert presenters and taking the feedback of students to make the courses even better as time goes on. Learn more about&nbsp;<a href="https://logisticstrainingcenter.com/smc3-courses/" rel="noreferrer" class="joc_admin__link">SMC³’s LTL Online Education program</a>&nbsp;and view the 2021 hybrid schedule, featuring live industry experts,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.smc3.com/onlinelearning2021/" rel="noreferrer" class="joc_admin__link">here.</a>

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