Patrick, the biggest terminal operator in Australia, was the last of the major terminal companies to agree to a new deal with the Maritime Union of Australia following multi-year agreements last year between the MUA and the other leading terminal operators in the country.

Hong Kong-based container carrier OOCL saw significant increases in freight rates and per container revenues thanks to supply chain disruption across key origin and destination markets.

There will be an enormous gap in the price between zero-emission fuel and conventional marine fuel over the next 20 years – something that needs to be addressed, according to a report from the Getting to Zero Coalition.

An investigation into Australia’s shipping sector follows months of disruption to supply chains due to port congestion, stevedore industrial action, and curtailed carrier services.